In de zaak Ullens de Schooten en Rezabek/België55 overwoog het EHRM (r.o. 57) dat prejudiciële verwijzing naar het HvJ EU op verzoek van een procespartij geen recht is,56 maar dat een rechterlijke weigering om prejudicieel te verwijzen onder omstandigheden wel in strijd kan komen met art. 6 EVRM, onder meer wanneer die weigering niet of onvoldoende wordt gemotiveerd:
“59. It should further be observed that the Court does not rule out the possibility that, where a preliminary reference mechanism exists, refusal by a domestic court to grant a request for such a referral may, in certain circumstances, infringe the fairness of proceedings – even if that court is not ruling in the last instance (see, among other authorities Predil Anstalt S.A. v. Italy (dec.), no. 31993/96, 8 June 1999, and Herma v. Germany (dec.), no. 54193/07, 8 December 2009) –, whether the preliminary ruling would be given by a domestic court (see Coëme and Others, Wynen, and Ernst and Others, cited above, same references) or a Community court (see, for example, Société Divagsa v. Spain, no. 20631/92, Commission decision of the 12 May 1993, Decisions and Reports (DR) 74; Desmots v. France (dec.), no. 41358/98, 23 March 1999; Dotta v. Italy (dec.), no. 38399/97, 7 September 1999; Moosbrugger v. Austria (dec.), no. 44861/98, 25 January 2000; John v. Germany (dec.), no. 15073/03, 13 February 2007; and the Predil Anstalt S.A. and Herma decisions, cited above). The same is true where the refusal proves arbitrary (ibid.), that is to say where there has been a refusal even though the applicable rules allow no exception to the principle of preliminary reference or no alternative thereto, where the refusal is based on reasons other than those provided for by the rules, and where the refusal has not been duly reasoned in accordance with those rules.
60. Article 6 § 1 thus imposes, in this context, an obligation on domestic courts to give reasons, in the light of the applicable law, for any decisions in which they refuse to refer a preliminary question, especially where the applicable law allows for such a refusal only on an exceptional basis.
61. Consequently, when the Court hears a complaint alleging a violation of Article 6 § 1 on this basis, its task consists in ensuring that the impugned refusal has been duly accompanied by such reasoning. That being said, whilst this verification has to be made thoroughly, it is not for the Court to examine any errors that might have been committed by the domestic courts in interpreting or applying the relevant law.
62. In the specific context of the third paragraph of Article 234 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union), this means that national courts against whose decisions there is no remedy under national law, which refuse to refer to the Court of Justice a preliminary question on the interpretation of Community law that has been raised before them, are obliged to give reasons for their refusal in the light of the exceptions provided for in the case-law of the Court of Justice. They will thus be required, in accordance with the above-mentioned Cilfit case-law, to indicate the reasons why they have found that the question is irrelevant, that the European Union law provision in question has already been interpreted by the Court of Justice, or that the correct application of Community law is so obvious as to leave no scope for any reasonable doubt.”